Wednesday, June 16, 2010

Sets

When we usually hear about the word Set,the first thing that would come to our mind would be a collection of something.In Mathematics, the basic meaning of set is a "well-defined collection of definite objects is called a set."

George Cantor is regarded as the "Father of Set theory".

The concept of "Sets" is basic in all branches of mathematics.

Set: Definition: well-defined collection of distinct objects is called a set.Set theory is the branch of mathematics that studies sets, which are collections of objects. Although any type of object can be collected into a set, set theory is applied most often to objects that are relevant to mathematics.

Notation of Sets: Capital letters are usually used to denote or represent a set.

Representation of Sets: There are two methods of representing a set. (i) Roster Method (ii) Set builder form.

Finite and Infinite Sets: A set is finite if it contains a specific number of elements. Otherwise, a set is an infinite set.

Null Set or Empty Set or Void Set: A set with no elements is an empty set.

Singleton Set or Singlets: A set consisting of a single element is called a singleton set or singlet. The cardinality of the singleton set is 1.

Equivalent Sets: Two finite sets A and B are said to be equivalent sets if cardinality of both sets are equal i.e. n (A) = n (B).

Equal Sets: Two sets A and B are said to be equal if and only if they contain the same elements i.e. if every element of A is in B and every element of B is in A. We denote the equality by A = B.

Cardinality of a Set A: The number of elements in a finite set A, is the cardinality of A and is denoted by n(A).

Universal Set: In any application of the theory of sets, the members of all sets under consideration usually belong to some fixed large set called the universal set.

Subsets: If A and B are sets such that each element of A is an element of B, then we say that A is a subset of B and write A Í B.

Power Set: The family of all subsets of any set S is called the power set of S. We denote the power set of S by P (S).

Hope you like the above example of Sets.Please leave your comments, if you have any doubts.

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